What does "bias" refer to in research methodology?

In research methodology, "bias" refers to systematic errors that can affect the validity of a study's findings. Bias can arise from various sources, including the design of the study, the way participants are selected, or how data is analyzed and interpreted. When bias is present, it can lead to incorrect conclusions, as the results may not accurately reflect the true situation or relationship being studied. This can jeopardize the integrity of the research and lead to misguided policies or practices based on flawed data.

The concept of bias is critical for researchers to understand because it emphasizes the need for rigorous methodologies that minimize any factors that could distort the results. This can include employing random assignment, blinding, and using control groups to help ensure that findings are credible and actionable. Addressing bias in research is fundamental to achieving reliable and valid outcomes.