What is a hypothesis in research?

A hypothesis in research is defined as a specific, testable prediction about the relationships between variables. This characterizes its essential function in the research process, where it serves as a foundation for empirical investigation. A well-formulated hypothesis presents a clear statement that can be tested through experiments or observational studies, allowing researchers to determine the validity of their predictions based on collected data.

This is crucial as hypotheses guide the direction of research and help in establishing the methodology for gathering evidence. They are formulated based on existing theories or previous observations and serve as the basis for statistical analysis, enabling researchers to confirm or refute their predictions through empirical evidence. The clarity and testability of a hypothesis differentiate it from broader concepts such as general theories or mere summaries of objectives, which do not provide the precise, predictive framework that a hypothesis does.