What principle is concerned with the fair distribution of benefits and risks in research?

The principle that focuses on the fair distribution of benefits and risks in research is justice. This ethical principle is grounded in the idea that all individuals and groups should be treated equitably, ensuring that no specific population bears an unfair burden of risk or is systematically excluded from potential benefits. Justice in research emphasizes the importance of fairness in how participants are selected and how the benefits of the research are shared.

This principle seeks to address issues of inequality, particularly in cases where historically marginalized or vulnerable groups have been exploited in research studies. By adhering to the principle of justice, researchers promote ethical practices that protect the interests of all participants and contribute to a fairer society overall.

The other options involve important ethical considerations in research but focus on different aspects. Beneficence pertains to maximizing benefits and minimizing harm to participants, while respect for persons emphasizes the importance of autonomy and informed consent. Informed consent specifically addresses the ethical obligation to disclose information to participants so they can make an informed decision about their participation. However, none of these principles directly encapsulates the fair distribution of benefits and risks as comprehensively as justice does.