Which of the following best describes the use of qualitative data in research?

Qualitative data is primarily used in research to provide in-depth insights and understanding of human behavior, experiences, and social phenomena. This type of data focuses on the qualities and characteristics that cannot be easily measured with numbers but instead require detailed observation, interviews, and open-ended responses to capture rich, contextual information. It allows researchers to explore the meanings, perspectives, and narratives of individuals, offering a comprehensive picture of the subject matter.

In the context of criminal justice research, qualitative data can help illuminate the motivations behind criminal behavior, the impacts of policies on communities, or the experiences of individuals within the justice system. Such insights are crucial for developing effective policies, programs, and interventions that are sensitive to the complexities of human experience.

In contrast, other options focus on different methodologies that do not align with the core purpose of qualitative research. Quantitative elements, such as performing complex mathematical calculations or measuring behaviors, relate more to numerical data analysis than to the exploratory and descriptive nature of qualitative research. Additionally, filtering out bias pertains to the rigor of ensuring accuracy and reliability in research but is not a defining characteristic of qualitative data use, which emphasizes understanding over measurement.