Which of the following is NOT one of the four ways of knowing?

The correct answer highlights that conjecture is not one of the established four ways of knowing. In the context of research and epistemology, the commonly recognized ways of knowing include science, logic, authority (e.g., religion, tradition), and experience. Science is based on empirical evidence and systematic observation, making it a foundational method for understanding phenomena. Logic relies on rational deduction and reasoning skills, forming essential proofs and arguments within philosophical inquiries.

Conjecture, however, refers to forming opinions or hypotheses without firm evidence or knowledge to support them. While it may be a part of the initial stages of hypothesizing in scientific research, it is not recognized as an established way of acquiring knowledge. Therefore, it lacks the structured methodology that characterizes the other options, which are more formalized approaches to establishing understanding and truth.