Which term refers to a variable that is hypothesized to cause variation in another variable?

The term that refers to a variable hypothesized to cause variation in another variable is known as the independent variable. In research, the independent variable is manipulated or changed to observe its effects on the dependent variable, which is the outcome that is measured. This relationship is fundamental in establishing cause-and-effect dynamics in experimental and observational studies.

Understanding the roles of these variables is essential for designing research and interpreting results, as researchers aim to determine how changes in the independent variable influence or predict changes in the dependent variable. For example, in a study examining the impact of study hours on test scores, the number of study hours would be considered the independent variable.

Other terms in the choices highlight different concepts. The dependent variable is the factor that is observed to see how it is affected by the independent variable. Observation refers to the act of monitoring or recording data, while generalization involves applying findings from a specific instance to broader contexts. These distinctions clarify the framework of scientific inquiry and the specific roles that different types of variables play in research methodology.